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The Pineapple gall adelgid (''Adelges abietis'') is a type of conifer-feeding insect that forms pineapple-shaped plant galls on its host species, commonly Norway and Sitka spruce. The adelgids (genus ''Adelges'') are pear-shaped, soft-bodied green insects with long antennae, closely related to the aphid.〔 "Adelges" lays up to one hundred eggs at a time, one on each needle. ''Adelges abietis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most common species; synonyms are ''A. gallarum-abietis'', ''Chermes abietis'' and ''Sacciphantes abietis''. The pineapple or pseudocone gall〔Darlington, Arnold (1975) ''The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in Colour.'' Pub. Blandford Press. Poole. ISBN 0-7137-0748-8. P. 114.〕 is a type of insect-formed gall, or abnormal outgrowth of plant tissue, that develops as a chemically induced distortion of needles, observed mostly on Norway spruce and Sitka spruce. ==Terminology and distribution== Prominent in appearance, the pineapple or pseudocone gall is often confused with the actual cone of the tree, due to their superficial resemblance. Pineapple galls are distinguishable by their small size, position on the base of budding twigs, and habit of the branch growing on and extending past the gall.〔 The pineapple gall adelgid is endemic to Europe, belonging to the 'woolly adelgid' group; it is also widely distributed in the north-eastern United States. Spruce gall aphid, eastern spruce pineapple gall adelges and eastern spruce gall aphid are alternative names.〔(Forestry compendium )〕 This insect belongs to the superfamily Aphidoidea, and family Adelgidae. It is the primary pest of Norway Spruce. Another similar species, the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, is indigenous to North America. This adelgid usually affects Colorado Blue, Sitka, Englemann, and Oriental spruces.〔(Cornell Co-operative Extension - Spruce Gall Adelgids. )〕 The eastern spruce gall adelgid (''Adelges abietis'' Linnaeus) is an introduced species that feeds only on spruce. At least in 1985, the species was found in Canada from Ontario eastward and in adjacent parts of the United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pineapple gall adelgid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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